MALL

Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) is language learning that is assisted or enhanced through the use of a handheld mobile device.

MALL is a subset of both Mobile Learning and computer-assisted language learning (CALL). MALL has evolved to support students’ language learning with the increased use of mobile technologies such as mobile phones (cellphones), MP3 and MP4 players, PDAs and devices such as the iPhone or iPad. With MALL, students are able to access language learning materials and to communicate with their teachers and peers at any time, anywhere.

Enhancing language learning through MALL provides dynamics which are not available through the traditional classroom. MALL offers ubiquitous access to learning anytime, anywhere the user has reception. This enables users to brush up on language skills just before or just after a conversation in the language they are learning. Handheld delivery also affords new dynamics for collaborative learning as users can share the language learning process in small synchronous groups.

Kloper et al. (2002) claimed 5 properties of mobile devices which can produce unique educational affordances:

Portability-the small size and weight of mobile devices means they can be taken to different sites or moved around within a site.

Social interactivity-data exchange and collaboration with other learners can happen face-to-face.

Context sensitivity-mobile devices can both gather and respond to real or simulated data unique to the current location, environment and time.

Connectivity-a shared network can be created by connecting mobile devices to data collection devices, other devices or to a common network.

Individuality- scaffolding for difficult activities can be customized for individual learners.

The most notable constraints for earlier MALL include poor sound and display quality coupled with very limited devices and download speeds. Newer integrated PDA devices have narrowed the gap with higher access speeds, larger screens, having functions and capacities similar to laptop computers (Nah, et al. 2008). Since the PDA devices are now mostly displaced by smartphones, in particular those based on iOS and Android, it is safe to say the constraints mentioned earlier are now non-existent.